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Academic Calendar 2009 UNDERGRADUATE COURSE INFORMATION Geography (SS)
INTRODUCTION
UNDERGRADUATE SESSIONAL DATES
STUDENT SERVICES
ACADEMIC INFORMATION
STUDENT FINANCIAL SERVICES
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UNDERGRADUATE COURSE INFORMATION
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AFFILIATED UNIVERSITY COLLEGES
GLOSSARY
NEW MODULES/PROGRAMS
TABLE OF CONTENTS




Geography (SS)

Note:  In order to find a course in the new 4 digit numbering system using an old 3 digit number, please refer to the conversion list below. Before registering for courses with the new 4 digit numbering system, please ensure that you have not previously taken the course in its 3 digit form.

Click here for conversion list of former 3-digit course numbers.

The Department of Geography cannot offer each year every course described in this Calendar. Please consult the Department for a list of current course offerings.
Geography 1100 - Fundamentals of Geography
A systematic descriptive introduction to the diverse elements of landscape including geomorphic, climatic, and biotic elements, human settlement and land-use patterns; cartographic approaches to the analysis of selected processes of landscape change; an introduction to the synthesis of elements and processes in spatial systems models.
Antirequisite(s): Geography 1300A/B, 1400F/G, or the former Geography 020E.
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours, 1.0 course.
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Geography 1300A/B - Physical Geography
Physical Geography examines the phenomena and processes of the Earth-atmosphere system that underlie human environment interactions and environmental change. Topics include: the atmosphere and fundamentals of weather and climate, water in the environment, Earth surface processes and biogeography.
Antirequisite(s): Geography 1100, 2131A/B, or the former Geography 020E.
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 1400F/G - People, Places and Landscapes
A systematic study of the patterns and places produced by human activity. Examines the spatial dynamics of social, cultural, economic and political processes and describes the resulting modification of the natural and built environments which create diverse human landscapes.
Antirequisite(s): Geography 1100 or the former Geography 020E.
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 1500F/G - Society and Nature
An introduction to the dynamics of environmental change and human-environment relations through time. Using integrative case studies in different biomes (e.g. Amazonia, the Sahel, the Arctic), this course will explore physical processes and change and the role of human economies, and situate these in their broader spatial and temporal contexts.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2010A/B - Geography of Canada
An overview of the regional geography of Canada. Topics considered may include demographics, culture, the economy, resources and environmental issues.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2011A/B - Ontario and the Great Lakes
A detailed examination of the province as part of the Great Lakes region, with special reference to its historical development, natural resources and patterns of human and economic activity.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2012A/B - Geography of Arctic Canada
An introduction to the landscapes of the Canadian Arctic: interrelationships amongst climate, vegetation, landforms, soils and resources; human responses over time.
Antirequisite(s): The former Geography 352a/b.
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2020A/B - Latin America and the Caribbean: Landscapes of Inequality
This course provides an introduction to the geography of Latin America and the Caribbean by examining how struggles for land, resources and labour have driven political, economic, social and environmental change in the region, from the European Conquest to the present.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2030A/B - Africa South of the Sahara
This course provides an introduction to the geography of Africa south of the Sahara. The course will take a systematic approach. Economic, political, social and environmental issues will be examined with a focus on contemporary patterns of change within the context of the global economy.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2040A/B - Geography of East and Southeast Asia
An introduction to the region. Issues examined include ethnic relationships, social structure, population distribution, environmental awareness and resource utilization.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2045A/B - Russia and the Former Soviet Union: The Legacy
An introduction to the geography of Russia and its neighbours with an emphasis on the Soviet legacy. Topics covered will include resource and environmental issues, culture and nationalism, the economy and demographics.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2050A/B - Western Europe
Investigation of geographical factors in the political, economic and social patterns of Western Europe; selected themes and case studies.
Antirequisite(s): The former Geography 366a/b.
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2060A/B - World Cities
A global perspective on urbanism. In each session a selected city is used to emphasize a particular urban problem, urban spatial structure or world region.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2070E - World Regional Geography
A systematic analysis of the major environments with emphasis on problems of resource use. Regional samples are analyzed in detail emphasizing culture and cultural progression. Practical work includes map analysis and seminars on selected problems.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 1.0 course.
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Geography 2071F/G - World Rivers
This course introduces students to the interactions between rivers, their physiographic environments, and human activities.
Antirequisite(s): The former Geography 2071A/B.
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 practical work hour, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2090A/B - Space Exploration
Survey of human activity in outer space, including history of spaceflight, scientific exploration, economic and military uses of space, natural resources and hazards, legal and ethical implications, and plausible future developments.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2121A/B - Geographic Visualization
The organization and visualization of geographic data. Principles of graphic design and data organization.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2122A/B - Spatial Techniques
An introduction to geographic information science including maps and cartography. Principles of navigation, map reading, image interpretation and route planning. Aspects of information representation, organization and visualization, remote sensing imagery, and field instrumentation and techniques. Practical work on the above topics.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2131A/B - The Natural Environment
An examination of the characteristics, origins and history of selected natural environments with particular reference to North America.
Antirequisite(s): Geography 1300A/B, 2320A/B.
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2142A/B - Geopolitics
An exploration of the geographical setting in which political decisions are taken. The history of the rise and fall of centres of power, the rise of supranational entities, ethnic wars, and the impermanence of international boundaries will be discussed.
Antirequisite(s): The former Geography 341a/b.
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2143A/B - Foundations of the Geography of World Business
Geographical theories of local and international trade; relationships between the location of production and flows of goods, services and factors of production among countries and regions; the geographical patterns of world commerce.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2144F/G - Geography of Tourism
Examination of tourism as a global, national and local phenomenon, with economic, social, and environmental impacts; emphasis on tourism in developing countries; hosts, guests, and tourism operators; tourism trends; mass versus alternative tourism; relationship between ‘ecotourism’ and nature protection.
Antirequisite(s): The former Geography 358F/G.
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2151A/B - Global Change: Issues and Impacts
Overview and implications of aspects of global change such as the global economy, the environment and demographics.
Antirequisite(s): The former Geography 399E.
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
Limited enrolment
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Geography 2152F/G - Geography of Hazards
A survey of the methods and models used to understand human responses to hazards. The course reviews the rich tradition of hazards research in geography, particularly through the lens of social science. The course will include discussions of both so-called "natural hazards" (e.g., floods, fires, earthquakes) and "technological hazards" (e.g., nuclear technology, genetically modified organisms, terrorism, war) as examples.
Antirequisite(s): The former Geography 2152A/B.
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2153A/B - Environment, Economy, and Society
The human uses of and impacts on environment and resources; the concept of sustainability; current resource issues.
Antirequisite(s): Geography 2450F/G
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2154F/G - Resource Planning and Management
Methods of resource analysis, planning, and management, including landscape evaluation, cost-benefit analysis, and impact assessment.
Antirequisite(s): The former Geography 154a/b.
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2155F/G - Development and Change in Human Landscapes 
An examination of the way present human landscapes have developed over time. An exploration of agents of landscape change; the relationship between societies, technology and landscape; and attitudes toward landscape. Methods of identifying, monitoring and controlling landscape change.
Antirequisite(s): Geography 3455F/G.
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2161A/B - Introduction to Urban Spatial Organization
Selected aspects of structure and growth in urban systems; basic theories and empirical research respecting the organization of systems of cities and their internal arrangement of land uses.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2162A/B - Introduction to Urban and Regional Planning
Principles and processes of land use planning for urban and regional development; current issues and case studies.
Antirequisite(s): Geography 3462F/G, 3461F/G
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2191A/B - Selected Topics in Geography
Consult the Department of Geography for details of course offering.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2192A/B - Selected Topics in Geography
Consult the Department of Geography for details of course offering.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2210A/B - Introduction to Spatial Analysis
An introduction to the nature of geographical data and the application of quantitative and statistical techniques and computing systems to spatial analysis; models of spatial data, probability, distributions, hypothesis testing and correlations.
Antirequisite(s): All other senior level statistics courses numbered 2000 or above.
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G or the former Geography 020E; or enrolment in the Major in Physical Geography.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2220A/B - Geographic Information Science I
Fundamental concepts, geographic information representation and spatial data entry. Basic spatial analysis and remote sensing. Practical skills developed through use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G or the former Geography 020E; or completion of the second year of the Civil and Environmental Engineering, International Development Option; or enrolment in the Major in Physical Geography.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2230A/B - Remote Sensing
Introduction to the principles, techniques, and geographic applications of remote sensing systems. Computer processing of remote sensing digital data. Interface of remote sensing data with geographic information systems.
Antirequisite(s): The former Geography 307a/b.
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G or the former Geography 020E; or completion of the second year of the Civil and Environmental Engineering, International Development Option; or enrolment in the Major in Physical Geography.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hour, 0.5 course.
Limited enrolment.
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Geography 2240A/B - Introductory Cartography
Introduction to cartographic theory, map design and drafting, including practical experience with many methods of graphic representation of spatial data.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G or the former Geography 020E; or enrolment in the Major in Physical Geography.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2310A/B - Weather and Climate
Fundamentals of the physical processes underlying weather and climate; radiant energy, energy balances, clouds, atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics; principles of the "Greenhouse Effect", mid-latitude cyclones and aspects of weather forecasting, severe weather phenomenon and atmospheric optics.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G or the former Geography 020E; or 0.5 course from Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Calculus, Environmental Science or Physics at 1000-1999 level; or enrolment in the Major in Physical Geography.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2320A/B - Introductory Biogeography
Spatial distributions of plants and animals; evolutionary and environmental controls on distributions; impacts of human settlement.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G or the former Geography 020E; or enrolment in the Major in Physical Geography.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 laboratory hour, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2330A/B - Geomorphology and Hydrology
Water and sediment cycles at the earth's surface and explanation of the resultant landforms; examples of response to environmental change; selected applications to environmental management.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G or the former Geography 020E; or 0.5 course from Earth Sciences 1022A/B, 1023A/B, 1081A/B or 1083F/G; or enrolment in the Major in Physical Geography.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2410A/B - Social Geography
A geographical investigation of the links between spatial change and social processes. Selected topics will focus on the ways social relations, identities and inequalities are created and practiced over space, with examples from Canadian and international contexts.
Antirequisite(s): The former 329a/b.
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G or the former Geography 020E.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2411F/G - Indigenous Environments
The consequences of physical environmental change for Indigenous communities around the globe will be examined in relation to the processes of colonialism and environmental dispossession. Topics include: identity, culture, local economies, social functioning, food security and health.
Antirequisite(s): First Nations Studies 2601F/G.
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G or the former   Geography 020E, or First Nations Studies 1020E, or permission from the Instructor.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2420A/B - Economic Geography
The forces reshaping global economic geography; fundamentals of spatial economics; principles of locational decisions; spatial interaction; and growth of spatial economic systems are examined. Examples of these concepts are taken from a variety of countries.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G or the former Geography 020E; Economics 1020, 1021A/B, 1022A/B; or MOS 1020A/B.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2430A/B - Health Geography
This course introduces students to current issues in health geography. Through case studies, students will learn the important role of geography in explaining patterns of diseases, health transitions and health inequalities around the world.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G or the former Geography 020E; Health Sciences 1000; Sociology 1020, 1021E or enrolment in the Major in Ecosystem Health, or permission of the instructor.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2450F/G - Introduction to Resource and Environmental Management
A geographical introduction to natural resources and their management; juxtaposition of global and Canadian resources and environmental conditions and the human management response.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G or the former Geography 020E.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 laboratory hour, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2460F/G - Urban Development
Growth, structure and morphology in industrial and post-industrial cities; theories of, and empirical research on, urban form and structure; land development decision making; development feasibility modelling; urban land-use policy.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G or the former Geography 020E or Economics 1021A/B and 1022A/B, or Economics 1020.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2901A/B - Selected Topics in Geography
Consult the Department of Geography for details of course offering.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G or the former Geography 020E.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 2902A/B - Selected Topics in Geography
Consult the Department of Geography for details of course offering.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 course from Geography 1100, 1300A/B, 1400F/G, 1500F/G or the former Geography 020E.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 4 hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3000Y - Field Methods and Practices
Departmental field camps and field trips as arranged. Students should be prepared to meet the necessary travel and living expenses. Mandatory for students in any Honors Specialization module in the Department of Geography.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): 3rd year status in any Honors Specialization module in the Department of Geography; limited enrolment may be available to students in 3rd or 4th year of a major in the Department of Geography.    
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: Sessions and hours by arrangement, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3210A/B - Quantitative Analysis in Geography
Simple parametric and nonparametric statistical methods through multiple regression are introduced. Exploratory data analysis techniques are examined as a supplement to more traditional statistical methods. Geography specific techniques are also presented.
Antirequisite(s): All other senior level statistics courses numbered 2000 or above.    
Prerequisite(s): Geography 2210A/B.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3211A/B - Spatial Statistics
Topics include exploratory spatial data analysis, global and local spatial statistics, spatial autocorrelation and interpolation, spatial regression models, and geographically weighted regression. The emphasis will be on developing analytical skills with practical applications using statistical software and Geographic Information Systems.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Third or fourth year status at the University including Geography 2210A/B or equivalent and Geography 2220A/B or permission of the instructor.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 lab hours, 0.5 course (main campus) Limited enrolment
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Geography 3221A/B - Advanced Seminar in Geographic Information Science
The application of general principles of scientific modelling and visualization to geographic problems using a GIS and other relevant spatial information processing systems. Seminar/studio format with individual or team student projects.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Geography 2220A/B.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 seminar hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3222A/B - Geographic Information Science II
Methods and techniques in Geographic Information Science. Spatial data encoding from maps and geographic database implementation. Spatial interpolation and other modeling techniques. Integration of remote sensing, GIS and Visualization. Hands-on experience using ESRI, ArcGIS software.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Geography 2210A/B and 2220A/B.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3223A/B - Decision-Making with GIS
Principles of integrating GIS and Decision Analysis. Selected GIS-based decision-making techniques are applied in practical sessions. A range of applications from both public and private sector organizations are covered.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Geography 2220A/B.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 practical work hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3231A/B - Advanced Topics in Remote Sensing
Themes to be considered may include: advanced computer analysis of digital satellite and airborne data (optical, infrared and radar), advanced image classification methods, texture analysis, change detection, automatic linear feature extraction, structural pattern recognition and remote sensing applications. Remote sensing software will be used in lab.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Geography 2230A/B or the former Geography 307a/b.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3241A/B - Advanced Cartography
Advanced cartographic project design and implementation. Image processing, geographic information systems, remote sensing, computer graphics programming, 2- and 3- dimensional representations; interface design; data manipulation.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Third or fourth year status at the University including Geography 2240A/B. Geography 2220A/B or Computer Science 1026A/B or the former Computer Science 028a/b are recommended.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3250A/B - Geographic Research: Methods and Issues
A survey of a range of geography research methods, both the models and the techniques employed, and issues arising from their use. Topics covered include research questions and design, sources of error, ethics and values in research, methods of data collection, data analysis and presentation of findings.
Antirequisite(s): The former Geography 2250A/B (the former 237a/b).
Prerequisite(s): Two full courses in Geography and third or fourth year status at the University.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3260A/B - Environmental Modelling with Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing
Examination of spatially and temporally distributed environmental models that use Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing techniques. Modelling of watershed systems, focusing on the energy, water, and biogeochemical cycles. Prediction of environmental and/or ecological change on watershed systems.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Third or fourth year status at the University  including Geography 2210A/B, 2220A/B and at least one of Geography 2310A/B, 2320A/B, 2330A/B or the former 2340A/B, or equivalent.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 practical hours, 0.5 course.
Limited enrolment.
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Geography 3311A/B - Micrometeorology
Principles of weather and climate at micro-, local, and meso-scales; processes associated with transfer of heat, mass, and momentum and resulting climates near the surface; local winds, fog, urban climates and air pollution.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Geography 2310A/B or the former Geography 238b. (A 1000-1099 level course in Applied Mathematics, Mathematics, or Physics is also recommended).
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3312A/B - Human Impacts on Weather and Climate
 An examination of modified weather and climates due to human activities on scales ranging from local modification of microclimates in urban areas to global climate change due to changes in atmospheric composition. The processes underlying the changes are examined as well as the methods of detecting the changes.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Geography 2310A/B or Physics 2070A/B or permission of the instructor.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3321A/B - Advanced Biogeography
Distributions of plants and animals over space and time; theory of island biogeography; landscape biogeography; research techniques in applied biogeography.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Geography 2320A/B and third or fourth year status or permission of the department.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3331A/B - Glacial Geomorphology
Glaciers, glacial landforms, and geomorphic processes with special reference to contemporary glacierized environments.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Third or fourth year status at the University including Geography 2330A/B.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3332A/B - Periglacial Environments
Geomorphic processes, landforms, and landscape history of contemporary periglacial areas, with particular reference to Canadian alpine environments and permafrost.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Third or fourth year status at the University including Geography 2330A/B.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3333A/B - Drainage Basin Geomorphology
Analysis of drainage basin form and process, including fluvial processes on hillslopes, channel networks, the drainage basin sediment cascade, response of drainage basins to environmental change and selected applications to drainage basin management.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Geography 2330A/B.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3334A/B - Geomorphology of River Channels
The geomorphology of rivers, including fluvial hydraulics, fluvial erosion and sediment transport, river channel morphology and dynamics, channel and floodplain sedimentation, the response of rivers to human activities and environmental change, and applications to river channel management.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Geography 2330A/B.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3341A/B - Hydrology
The relationship between rainfall and runoff, including the influence of vegetation and soil-water systems; runoff from snow and ice; the hydrological role of lakes and rivers.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Geography 2310A/B or 2330A/B or permission of the department.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3342A/B - Groundwater Hydrology
The distribution and movement of groundwater; evaluation and monitoring of groundwater resources with respect to their extraction, pollution and remediation.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Geography 2310A/B or 2330A/B or 3341A/B or permission of the department.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3350A/B - Environmental Change
The evidence, causes, and chronology of environmental change, with emphasis on the Holocene in North America.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Third or fourth year status at the University including at least one of Geography 2310A/B, 2320A/B and 2330A/B.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3351A/B - Dendrochronology
Introduction to techniques of tree-ring dating and applications to research in geomorphology, archaeology, palaeoecology, and palaeoclimatology.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Third or fourth year status at the University including at least one of Geography 2310A/B, 2320A/B and 2330A/B.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3352A/B - Paleolimnology and Global Environmental Change
This course provides students with an introduction to paleolimnology, which uses the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of lake sediments to determine past environments.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): 0.5 course from Geography 2310A/B, 2320A/B, 2330A/B, the former 2340A/B; Earth Sciences 2230A/B, 2260A/B, 2261A/B, 2265A/B; Biology 2483A, 2484A, 2485B or permission of the instructor
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3411A/B - Cultural Geography
An examination of contemporary theories in cultural geography - ideology, identity, power, and space - and their application to contemporary issues such as class, consumption, gender, media, and racism. Emphasis is placed upon understanding and critiquing the social and political processes giving rise to cultural practices in their spatial contexts.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Third or fourth year status at the University including  Geography 2410A/B or a 1000-level Geography course, or American Studies 1020; Anthropology 1025F/G; First Nations Studies 1020E; MIT 1200A/B; Political Science 1020E; Sociology 1020 or 1021E, Women's Studies 1020E.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 tutorial hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3412F/G - Geography of Gender
An examination of the spaces of masculinity and femininity; theories, concepts and selected topics. Issues addressed include spatial divisions of gender and social constructions of male and female roles and places.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Third or fourth year status at the University.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3415A/B - Geographic Perspectives on Law and Society
Law influences and sometimes determines spatial and environmental relations and, dialectically, these transform law. This course introduces geographic approaches, such as impact analysis, class and gender studies and discourse analysis, to law. It surveys topics such as the spacing of urbanism and social, cultural and environmental regulation.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Third or fourth year status at the University.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 seminar hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3416F/G - Urban Culture of Public Spaces
A geographic investigation of urban culture focusing on the design, use and identities of urban public spaces as evidenced through systematic observations of social life in urban public settings. Relevant concepts, theories, and field methods are applied to guide and critique the investigation.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Two full courses in Geography and third or fourth year status at the University.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3421A/B - Location Theory and Analysis
An examination of public and private facility location theory. Industrial location, retailing and public facility location approaches are discussed. GIS-based techniques for location analysis are applied in practical sessions.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Geography 2420A/B or permission of the instructor.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 practical work hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3422A/B - The Geography of International Business
An examination of the spatial behavior of large corporations and the impact on regional economics. Investment pattern, interorganizational linkages and organizational change will be discussed.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Geography 2420A/B, or Geography 2143A/B with a grade of at least 70%, or enrolment in the Bachelor of Management and Organizational Studies.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 seminar hour, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3431A/B - Geography of Health and Health Care
A critical examination of the major themes in the geography of health and health care. The focus will be on the importance of understanding place, space and environment as they relate to health. Geographical aspects of health inequalities, access and utilization will be explored.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Geography 2430A/B or a related 2000-level course in Health Sciences, Sociology  or Psychology, or  permission of the instructor.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3432A/B - Environmental Hazards and Human Health
This is a survey course regarding the links between human health and environmental hazard exposure. Issues will include the health impacts of water pollution, air pollution, solid and hazardous waste, toxic substances, pesticides and radiation. The limitations of models and methods are discussed.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s):
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3441F/G - Conservation and Development
Examines struggles between conservation and economic development in a North-South context, setting the transformation of natural ecosystems and impoverishment of biodiversity in a political economic context that includes disparities in wealth, consumption, and ‘ecological footprints’
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Third or fourth year status at the University. Two full courses in Geography or equivalent, or enrolment in the Minor in Environment and Culture.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3442F/G - Geographies of Development
A thematic course on the geography of development. Common explanations for poverty and underdevelopment are critically assessed. Covers a range of scales (local, national, international, global) to demonstrate how processes operating at various scales interact to produce uneven geographical outcomes.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Third or fourth year status at the University. Two full courses in Geography or equivalent, or enrolment in the Minor in Environment and Culture.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3445F/G - Geography of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition
A geographical perspective on the social, political, economic and  environmental aspects of food, agriculture and nutrition.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Two full courses or equivalent in Geography and third or fourth year status at the University or permission from the instructor.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 tutorial hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3451A/B - Impact Assessment and Sustainable Resource Management
Problem definition from the standpoint of sustainable resource management; institutional arrangements, conflict analysis and formulation of public policies; impact assessment as a process in planning resource development.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Geography 2450F/G.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 practical work hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3452A/B - Implementing Sustainability
Practical issues regarding the implementation of sustainability in resource management. Emphasis on skills development, entrepreneurship, leadership and the facilitation of change. The use of small groups, workshops and active learning techniques allow for enhanced problem-based learning and personal awareness related to individual, corporate, and government roles and responsibilities.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Geography 3451A/B.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 practical work hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3453F/G - Water Resources Management
The examination of concepts and methodologies utilized in the management of water. Lectures and tutorials will focus on water management strategies and their legal, administrative, economic and political implications. Topics of discussion include the watershed concept, demand management, and interbasin water transfers.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Geography 2450F/G and third or fourth year status at the University.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 lecture/tutorial hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3454A/B - Environmental Dispute Resolution
Sources of conflict in resource management and methods for resolving environmental disputes. The changing dynamics of interest representation, including stakeholder identification and the roles played by the media, pressure groups, management agencies, and lay citizens.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Geography 3451A/B
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 practical work hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3455F/G - Geographical Approaches to Landscapes
The concept of landscape and changing perceptions of landscape features. Types of landscapes. Humankind's role in creating, changing and preserving landscapes.
Antirequisite(s): Geography 2155F/G.     
Prerequisite(s): Third or fourth year status at the University and four full courses or equivalent  in Geography.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3459A/B - Selected Topics in Resource Management
The examination and application of resource management concepts and methodologies in selected fields. An emphasis upon practical work, and recent developments in management practice.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Two full courses or equivalent in Geography and third or fourth year status at the University.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 Practical Work hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3461F/G - Land Use and Development Issues
Critical examination of current land use and development projects; students are required actively to participate in the discussions.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Third or fourth year status at the University.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 seminar hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3462F/G - Land Use Planning
Basic techniques for preparing, implementing, and applying land use plans and zoning controls.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Third or fourth year status at the University.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 seminar hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3463F/G - Housing
This course explores the geography of housing in North American cities from an historical perspective, with a detailed investigation of the effects of land development, construction, financing, planning, public policy, demographics and lifestyle changes on the production and consumption of residential landscapes.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Third or fourth year status at the University.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3464F/G - Financial Feasability of Urban Developments
The object of the course is to expose students to the theoretical and empirical underpinnings of urban form and structure. A major focus is on static development feasibility models and their application to understanding urban change. The course provides a hands-on experience for students to build financial feasibility models of urban developments.
Antirequisite(s): The former Geography 377F/G, 378F/G, and 3460E.      
Prerequisite(s): Geography 2460F/G. Business Administration 2257 is strongly recommended.      
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3465F/G - Urban Economic Development
Critical analysis of recent economic development strategies and impacts on communities, cities and regions. Topics include: planning processes and techniques of economic development; technology and economic development strategy; and economic development clustering, networks and linkages.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Third or fourth year status and 0.5 course from Geography 1400F/G, 2210A/B, 2220A/B, 2420A/B or 2460F/G.  
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hour, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3901A/B - Selected Topics in Geography
Consult the Department of Geography for details of course offering.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Two full courses or equivalent in Geography. Third or fourth year status at the University.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 3902A/B - Selected Topics in Geography
Consult the Department of Geography for details of course offering.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Two full courses or equivalent in Geography. Third or fourth year status at the University.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 4 hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 4000A/B - The Nature and Philosophy of Geography
Discussion of geographical paradigms within an historical and social context. A central concern is the relationship between the academic and professional practice of geography.
Antirequisite(s): The former Geography 348a/b.      
Prerequisite(s): 4th year status, and enrolment in a major or Honors Specialization in the Department of Geography.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 4220A/B - The GeoWeb and Geomedia
This course explores the challenges and opportunities of citizens’ production, access, dissemination and use of Internet-based geospatial data (the geoweb) including locational and still/video imagery. Explores issues of ethics, privacy, research design and citizen engagement via the geoweb.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Fourth year status and Geography 2220A/B, or permission of instructor.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 laboratory hour, 0.5 course.
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Geography 4430A/B - Community-based Research on Environment and Health
A critical review of Canadian research on environment and health, focusing upon dilemmas and responsibilities of conducting research in communities under stress. An opportunity for students to compare findings and re-consider methods for the particular contexts of research amongst vulnerable populations.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): Fourth year status at the University and Geography 3250A/B or the former 2250A/B; or, permission of the instructor.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 3 seminar hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 4460F/G - Real Estate and the Cities
The course is a continuation of Geography 3464F/G. The object of the course is to expose students to the theoretical and empirical underpinnings of urban form and structure. A major focus is on understanding the theories, acquiring the techniques to test the theories, and critiquing the approaches employed for the empirical tests.
Antirequisite(s): The former Geography 377F/G, 378F/G, and 3460E.     
Prerequisite(s): Geography 2210A/B and Geography 3464F/G. Geography 2420A/B and 3210A/B are strongly recommended.     
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 1 tutorial hours, 0.5 course.
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Geography 4900E - Thesis
A thesis on a geographical problem including the results of field work, cartographic representation, and a study of the relevant literature.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s): 4th year status, and enrolment in an Honors program with a specialization or major in the Department of Geography.
Corequisite(s):
Pre-or Corequisite(s):
Extra Information: Hours by arrangement, 1.5 course.
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Academic Calendar 2009 UNDERGRADUATE COURSE INFORMATION Geography (SS)
Decision Academic