Laboratory course intended for students interested in pursuing graduate-level research in Physiology and/or Pharmacology, including lectures on experimental design, statistical analysis, oral and written scientific communication, critical evaluation of scientific literature, and preparation of grant proposals; literature review of research area; attending research seminars; development of an independent research project.

Antirequisite(s): the former Pharmacology 4999E, the former Physiology 4999E.

Prerequisite(s): Physiology and Pharmacology 4980E or the former Pharmacology 4980E or the former Physiology 4980E; and permission of the department.

Extra Information: 12 laboratory hours per week, 2 hours per week in class.